全膝关节置换术中髌骨置换与否对早期疗效及膝前痛的影响

 目的 探讨全膝关节置换术中髌骨置换与否对早期疗效及膝前痛发生率的影响。方法 2010年6月至2011年6月拟行全膝关节置换术患者100例,随机分为两组：髌骨置换组43例50膝,髌骨未置换组57例66膝。比较术后6个月、12个月两组患者的西安大略和麦克马斯特大学(West Ontario and McMaster Universities,WOMAC)骨关节炎指数、美国膝关节外科协会(Knee Surgery Society,KSS)膝评分和功能评分、膝前痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)。结果 髌骨置换组与髌骨未置换组患者术后膝前痛VAS评分均较术前明显降低,两组间VAS评分及膝前痛发生率的差异无统计学意义。WOMAC骨关节炎指数6个月分别为28.8±11.2和18.6±7.2、术后12个月分别为20.7±6.2和16.0±5.5,KSS膝评分6个月分别为(87.0±8.3)分和(90.9±7.2)分、术后12个月分别为(84.2±10.6)分和(88.8±9.2)分,KSS功能评分术后6个月分别为(86.6±21.6)分和(84.9±16.5)分、术后12个月分别为(85.2±16.4)分和(91.0±10.0)分,组间差异均无统计学意义。髌骨轴位X线片示髌骨与股骨假体滑车吻合度良好,无不稳及脱位表现。术后1年内无翻修、髌骨表面再置换病例。结论 全膝关节置换术对改善因骨关节炎或类风湿关节炎导致的膝关节疼痛、功能受限有效;髌骨置换与否对术后短期疗效及膝前痛发生率没有影响。     

颈椎动态稳定器植入术治疗颈椎病的临床疗效观察

目的：观察颈椎动态稳定器（DCI）治疗颈椎病的早期临床疗效,探讨其应用的安全性及有效性.方法：自2009年6月至2011年12月,收治符合DCI植入指征的颈椎病患者19例,其中男8例,女11例;年龄35～54岁,平均43.2岁.脊髓型颈椎病5例,神经根型颈椎病14例.病变节段：C3,4 1例,C4,56例,C5,66例,C6,74例,C3,4合并C5,6、C6,72例.19例患者均行颈前路椎间盘切除、椎管减压后DCI植入术,其中2例同时行颈前路椎体次全切除、植骨融合钢板内固定术.术前和末次随访采用改良日本骨科学会17分法（mJOA）、颈椎残障功能量表（NDI）评分、疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）扣患者满意度（PSI）评价临床疗效.测量DCI植入节段的活动度（ROM）和椎间隙高度（DHI）以及相邻节段的ROM.采用Miyazaki颈椎间盘退变分级方法评定相邻节段椎间盘退变情况.结果：所有患者获得随访,时间12～42个月,平均19.8个月.mJOA评分术前13.6±1.1,末次随访16.3±1.2,平均改善率为85.0％;NDI评分术前17.1±7.4,末次随访6.1±3.9;VAS评分术前6.6±1.4,末次随访1.4±0.8;以上指标末次随访与术前比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.DCI植入节段术前ROM （7.6±1.9）°,末次随访（7.8±2.1）°;C2-C7节段术前ROM （38.6±7.2）°,末次随访（39.9±6.4）°;以上指标末次随访与术前比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.DCI植入节段DHI术前（6.3±1.1）mm,末次随访（7.1±0.8）mm,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.随访未见异位骨化.MRI随访发现38个相邻节段中3个（8％）椎间盘退变分级加重1级,但无相关临床症状出现.结论：应用颈椎动态稳定器治疗颈椎病早期随访的临床效果满意,手术节段活动度得到一定的保留,相邻节段退变发生率较低,无相邻节段病发生,但仍然需要更长期的随访来进一步评价其功能和对邻近节段的影响.     

山羊腰椎间盘损伤后P物质免疫染色阳性神经纤维的分布

目的 研究山羊椎间盘损伤后的组织学改变及P物质(substance P,SP)免疫染色阳性神经纤维在损伤纤维中的分布.方法 15只山羊,用直径1.2 mm的穿刺针刀刺伤L5/L6椎间盘前纤维环全层和L6/L7后部纤维环内侧,以L4/L5椎间盘作为完整对照椎间盘.分别于损伤后3周、3个月、6个月随机处死5只山羊.观察实验...     

Lumbar endplate microfracture injury induces Modic-like changes,intervertebral disc degeneration and spinal cord sensitization – an in vivo rat model

BACKGROUND CONTEXTEndplate (EP) injury plays critical roles in painful IVD degeneration since Modic changes (MCs) are highly associated with pain. Models of EP microfracture that progress to painful conditions are needed to better understand pathophysiological mechanisms and screen therapeutics.PURPOSEEstablish in vivo rat lumbar EP microfracture model and assess crosstalk between IVD, vertebra and spinal cord.STUDY DESIGN/SETTINGIn vivo rat EP microfracture injury model with characterization of IVD degeneration, vertebral remodeling, spinal cord substance P (SubP), and pain-related behaviors.METHODSEP-injury was induced in 5 month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats L4–5 and L5–6 IVDs by puncturing through the cephalad vertebral body and EP into the NP of the IVDs followed by intradiscal injections of TNFα (n=7) or PBS (n=6), compared with Sham (surgery without EP-injury, n=6). The EP-injury model was assessed for IVD height, histological degeneration, pain-like behaviors (hindpaw von Frey and forepaw grip test), lumbar spine MRI and μCT, and spinal cord SubP.RESULTSSurgically-induced EP microfracture with PBS and TNFα injection induced IVD degeneration with decreased IVD height and MRI T2 signal, vertebral remodeling, and secondary damage to cartilage EP adjacent to the injury. Both EP injury groups showed MC-like changes around defects with hypointensity on T1-weighted and hyperintensity on T2-weighted MRI, suggestive of MC type 1. EP injuries caused significantly decreased paw withdrawal threshold, reduced axial grip, and increased spinal cord SubP, suggesting axial spinal discomfort and mechanical hypersensitivity and with spinal cord sensitization.CONCLUSIONSSurgically-induced EP microfracture can cause crosstalk between IVD, vertebra, and spinal cord with chronic pain-like conditions.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThis rat EP microfracture model was validated to induce broad spinal degenerative changes that may be useful to improve understanding of MC-like changes and for therapeutic screening.     

聚己内酯半月板支架应力-应变特性的有限元分析

目的：分析聚己内酯（PCL）半月板支架在膝关节中的应力-应变特性,评估其作为植入材料的可行性。方法：通过磁共振成像（MRI）扫描志愿者膝关节获取平面图像数据,建立包括股骨、胫骨、腓骨、股骨髁及胫骨平台关节软骨、内和外侧半月板及韧带在内的完整膝关节三维有限元模型,通过计算胫骨平台的接触面积与既往文献对比验证模型的有效性;分别建立内侧半月板切除术后的膝关节三维有限元模型及PCL半月板支架替代后的膝关节模型;对比分析在1400N股骨轴向垂直压力下3种膝关节模型的半月板位移和接触压力变化以及股骨髁关节软骨和胫骨平台关节软骨的压缩应力变化。结果：在1400N股骨轴向压缩载荷下健康膝关节模型内、外侧半月板位移分别为0.83和1.76mm,PCL模型内、外侧半月板位移分别为1.15和2.20mm。在同等载荷下,健康膝关节在胫骨平台关节软骨内、外侧最大压缩应力分别为2.5和1.7MPa,在内、外侧股骨髁关节软骨最大压缩应力分别为2.7和2.1MPa。在内侧半月板完整切除模型,内、外侧胫骨平台关节软骨最大压缩应力较健康模型分别增加260.0%和311.7%;内、外侧股骨髁关节软骨最大压缩应力较健康模型分别增长214.8%和271.4%。而在将内侧半月板替换为PCL支架的模型中,内、外胫骨平台关节软骨最大压缩应力较健康模型分别增加8.0%和5.9%;内、外侧股骨髁关节软骨最大压缩应力较健康模型分别增加11.1%和4.8%。结论：PCL支架在膝关节三维有限元模型中具有较好的生物力学特性,能够降低半月板切除后股骨髁及胫骨平台关节软骨的应力,达到保护关节软骨的目的。     

Sagittal balance influences range of motion: an in vivo study with the ProDisc-C

Background contextCervical arthroplasty is designed to maintain cervical motion of the functional spinal unit after cervical discectomy. The impact of the ProDisc-C (Synthes Spine, Paoli, PA) on in vivo kinematics and sagittal alignment requires further assessment.PurposeThe purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that the ProDisc-C increases range of motion (ROM) in flexion and extension at the surgical level, and assess its impact on cervical alignment.Study designClinical study.Patient sampleFifteen patients with a mean age of 49 years were included in this study. Each patient had a single-level arthroplasty. Patients with multilevel arthroplasty, previous cervical spine surgery, and length of follow-up less than 6 months were excluded from this study.Outcome measureLateral dynamic radiographs of the cervical spine were analyzed using quantitative measurement analysis (QMA) preoperatively and postoperatively. QMA software was also used to determine the ROM and sagittal translation at the surgical level.MethodsFlexion/extension lateral radiographs of the cervical spine were prospectively collected and reviewed in 15 patients preoperatively and at early (1–3 months) and late (6–14 months) follow-up after placement of the ProDisc-C. Shell angle (SA) and C2–C7 Cobb angles were measured. Sagittal translation and ROM were calculated at each time point. Preoperative values were compared with early and late follow-up values using paired Student t tests and Pearson's correlation.ResultsThe C2–C7 Cobb angle did not change significantly after surgery. Segmental ROM increased significantly from neutral to flexion (p=.02) and neutral to extension (p=.002) at late follow-up. SA correlated significantly with ROM from neutral to extension (Pearson's r=?0.55; p=.02) and translation from neutral to extension (Pearson's r=?0.58; p=.02).ConclusionsThe ProDisc-C increased overall segmental ROM. A lordotic SA may be associated with restricted segmental ROM and translation in extension. This study did not detect any change in overall cervical spinal alignment after insertion of the device.     

椎板开窗髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症10年以上随访的疗效评价

目的:通过对143例获得10年以上长期随访的单节段椎板开窗减压髓核摘除术后的腰椎间盘突出症患者进行回顾性分析,了解其随访时的临床疗效、复发率,并判断不同年龄段患者,不同椎间盘突出严重程度患者的随访结果是否存在差异。方法:143例患者均获得随访(手术时间1996年1月至2000年12月),其中男80例,女63例;患者手术时年龄18～66岁,平均37.85岁;随访时间10～15年,平均12.7年。按照手术时年龄将患者分为30岁以下,30～50岁,50岁以上3组分别进行疗效评价;所有获得随访的患者中87例收集到了术前的CT扫描结果,根据CT测量椎间盘突出的严重程度将87例患者分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ度共3组进行疗效评价。2011年对所有患者行末次随访,选择JOA评分和ODI指数评价其总体手术效果和各组间疗效有无差异,使用改良Macnab标准对患者进行评价。结果:①143例患者术前JOA评分为5.11±2.02,末次随访为12.51±2.35;术前ODI评分为33.98±7.42,末次随访为13.39±6.79,末次随访时JOA与ODI评分与术前相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。按照改良Macnab标准优良率达到了83.2%(119/143),复发率为6.3%。②30岁以下组与其他年龄组相比术后JOA评分差异有统计学意义,其余两组间JOA评分差异无统计学意义;各组间ODI评分差异无统计学意义。③椎间盘突出Ⅲ度的患者术后JOA和ODI评分与其他两组差异有统计学意义,其余两组间差异无统计学意义。结论:①长期随访证实单节段椎板开窗减压髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症远期疗效良好,复发率低,是多数该病患者的首选手术方法;②青年患者(30岁以下)施行该手术后部分患者51%(19/37)会有经常出现的腰背痛;③椎间盘突出程度严重的患者行单纯椎板开窗减压术远期疗效差于相对轻度突出的患者。